PHILOSOPHICAL AND LEGAL FORMATION OF DEONTOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT: A RETOSPECTIVE OF THE IDEAS OF JEREMY BENTHAM

The article analyzes the historiography of the development of deontological knowledge and examines the main scientific works of the English philosopher and jurist Jeremiah Bentham, which are devoted to the problems of deontology. The main basic criteria set by a scientist for the professional component through the prism of moral requirements and various types of culture are considered, and attention is drawn in particular to the deontological foundations in law enforcement activities. We are talking about the need for law enforcement officers to realize the importance of their social mission as Guardians of law and freedom, who are obliged to risk their own lives in countering crime and offenses, and prevent violations of the rights and freedoms of citizens in their professional activities. This requirement of the deontological foundations of law enforcement has both a legal and moral dimension. Exploring and revealing the content of deontological foundations, attention is focused on the two main social regulators of social relations as morality and law. It is also noted that Ukraine, along with other European countries in its arsenal in the regulation of social relations has common values (meaning democratic, legal values), such as good (according to Je. Bentham), which is equated to natural and legal values. Therefore, in their professional activities and the regulation of public relations (especially conflicts), first of all, law enforcement agencies must adhere to such a specified value as good. The main theory of Je. Bentham – utilitarianism is also mentioned. The main idea of which is what needs to be done for the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people. And therefore, to denote the utilitarian system of ethics Je. Bentham introduces such a new concept as "deontology" – the doctrine of the right, proper (not only in life but also in professional activities).