健美健身运动员饮食行为障碍的动态与一般心理适应水平

Mihaita Elena, Mitrache Georgeta, Stoica Marius, Tonis Rocsana Manea Bucea
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摘要

了解健美和健身运动员饮食行为障碍(EDD)发展和维持的心理特征和临床相关症状,是早期干预和消除压力源的必要条件,有助于提高运动成绩和生活质量。研究目的:了解不同运动性别和年龄的健美健身运动员的EDD动态和一般心理适应水平。采用进食障碍量表(EDI-III)对30名年龄在19 ~ 53岁的健美健身从业人员(男性21人,女性9人)进行问卷调查,考察其相关心理特征(低自尊、完美主义、禁欲主义、成熟恐惧、人际关系、情绪问题、控制欲过强、自我意识低下)。我们的结论是,大多数运动员都在为评估量表建立的阈值范围内,30%的运动员(3名女运动员和6名男运动员)在至少一个临床量表上获得了高于阈值的分数。这意味着EDD的风险存在于一些运动员身上。除苦行主义、人际关系问题和夸大控制量表外,用于建立一般心理适应水平的评定分数所计算的被调查心理量表的平均值不超过每个被调查维度的规定阈值。女性运动员的心理平衡水平高于男性运动员,ED的发生风险低于男性运动员,人格和心理健康是心理训练中重要的方面,可作为优化健美健身训练效果过程中的筛选工具。
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The Dynamics of Eating Behavior Disorders and the Level of General Psychological Adaptation in Bodybuilding and Fitness Athletes
Knowing the psychological traits and clinically relevant symptoms for the development and maintenance of Eating Behavior Disorders (EDD) in bodybuilding and fitness athletes is a necessity for early intervention and the elimination of stressors that contribute to improving sports performance and quality of life. The aim of the study: To know the dynamics of EDD and the level of general psychological adaptation in athletes who practice bodybuilding and fitness according to sports gender and age. By applying the Inventory of Eating Disorders, EDI-III on 30 participants, bodybuilding and fitness practitioners, aged between 19 and 53, of which 21 are male and 9 are female, psychological traits were investigated relevant (low self-esteem, perfectionism, asceticism, fear of maturity, interpersonal, emotional problems, exaggerated control, and others) in order to know the level of distress and the presence of clinically relevant symptoms for the development and maintenance of EDD (the desire to being thin, bulimia, body dissatisfaction) We concluded that most of the athletes fall within the limits of the threshold values ​​established for the evaluated scales, 30% of the athletes (3 female athletes and 6 male athletes), obtained scores rated above the threshold on at least one of the clinical scales, which means that the risk of EDD is present in some athletes. The average of the investigated psychological scales calculated for the rated scores to establish the level of general psychological adaptation does not exceed the specified threshold for each investigated dimension separately, except for the asceticism, interpersonal problems, and exaggerated control scales. Female athletes have greater psychological balance than male athletes and lower risk of ED than male athletes, important aspects of personality and mental health in psychological training as a screening tool in the process of optimizing the effectiveness of bodybuilding and fitness training.
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