“亲爱的印第安人”和“自然领主”

B. Dixon
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摘要

狄克逊认为,从17世纪40年代到培根叛乱(1676年)之间,弗吉尼亚在遵循西班牙将土著居民纳入政治体系的政策方面走得很远。让人想起西班牙帝国的“印第安共和国”,朝贡的原住民生活在半自治的社区里。弗吉尼亚法律授予朝贡国王和王后特权地位,以加强他们对潜在危险的印第安人的统治。殖民地(理论上)认为印第安人,尤其是贫穷的印第安人,对英国的司法制度有特殊的要求。事实上,将弗吉尼亚的印第安人权利与西班牙美洲的印第安人权利(更详细和理论上更发达)的概念进行比较,可以为将弗吉尼亚早期的倡议组合在一起提供一种模式,否则这些倡议的集体意义可能会被忽视。西班牙的经历也突出了弗吉尼亚的朝贡制度,就像“印第安共和国”一样,声称要维护一种特殊的正义,即保护土著人免受殖民者最严重的虐待,以换取对国王的忠诚。
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“Darling Indians” and “Natural Lords”
Dixon contends that between the 1640s and Bacon’s Rebellion (1676), Virginia went far in following the Spanish policy of incorporating Natives into the polity. Reminiscent of the Spanish empire’s “republic of Indians,” the tributary Natives lived in semiautonomous communities. Virginia law granted tributary kings and queens a privileged standing to enhance their rule over potentially dangerous Indians. The colony (in theory) viewed Indians, particularly poorer ones, as having a special claim upon English justice. Indeed, comparing Virginia’s to Spanish America’s (more elaborate and theoretically developed) notions of corporate Indian rights suggests a model for grouping together early Virginia initiatives whose collective significance might otherwise be overlooked. The Spanish experience also highlights how Virginia’s tributary system, like the “republic of Indians,” claimed to uphold a particular vision of justice—one that purported to safeguard Natives against the worst abuses of colonists in return for loyalty to the king.
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