RESTORATION OF RUQYAH COVERS (MANUSCRIPT OF KITAB ALTIBB BY IBN SINA)

Parchment is considered one of the important materials in the manufacture of ancient manuscripts, and the use of parchment spread in the 3rd century AD (Reed 1975), and with people getting used to making parchment and using it in manuscripts, the quality, types and forms of parchment increased, as well as its uses, including manuscript covers. Paper replaced parchment with the 14th and 15th century parchment was given a good packaging material in terms of durability and formality, since with the spread of printing in 1550 AD in Europe and the adoption of paper as a basic material for printing, parchment makers tended to use it as a packaging material that can be drawn on and printed as well. The use of parchment in binding in terms of the arrangement of the binding steps did not differ much from leather as a basic binding material in general, but the parchment reinforcement strips technique, in which parchment was used as supporting strips inside the covers called Laced, were thin strips of thickness affixed to the heel of the manuscript and placed these The strips are inside both covers. This technique was used most of the covers in early medieval parchment scrolls.