Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta Modulator with Filter and Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Chip Design in Phase Locked Loop for Sensor Control

A multi-band low-pass sigma-delta ($\Sigma \Delta$) modulator with cascaded integrators and voltage-controlled oscillator with divider are presented for phase locked loop controller. The proposed prototype of phase locked loop was implemented in tsmc 0.18 $\mu$m CMOS process. Another feature is that only one set loop filter is designed to promote multi-band by auto-switching capacitors with quantum algorithm from phase frequency detector to achieve a multi-band solution. Experimental have achieved the SNDR of 42/33 dB over 1/2 MHz, respectively for low power multi-band phase locked loop sensor control applications.