乌克兰旅游立法发展的主要趋势

O. Hafurova, Svitlana Holub
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摘要

该研究致力于对乌克兰旅游立法发展的主要趋势进行理论和法律分析。所选主题的相关性在于,如果国家考虑到这种增长所必需的因素,鉴于对乌克兰可能产生的积极的社会和经济影响,有理由认为旅游业有希望。本研究的目的是分析乌克兰旅游立法发展的主要趋势和国际立法作为国家立法的一部分。分析、综合、历史法和比较法的方法被应用于实现这一目标。这种方法能够通过历史和法律经验的棱镜来分析和比较国际和国家管制框架,并能够得出关于所研究领域立法发展的当前主要趋势的结论。研究结果如下:今天,乌克兰的旅游业仍然是一个非优先产业(这一说法是基于乌克兰旅游业的总体停滞趋势),对外国游客没有吸引力(这是由于客观原因,不仅包括今天存在的外部威胁,而且在大流行病爆发和俄罗斯联邦武装侵略之前记录的指标很少),主要面向国内消费者,乌克兰国家统计局的数据证实了这一点。这种情况的发展,特别是由于本研究中提出的一些因素(考虑到外国的经验),以及在立法一级对旅游关系的规定不足,这一点在本文中进行了详细分析。该研究可为进一步揭示该领域的问题,并在该行业衰落的背景下作为科学界讨论的基础。
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Main trends in the development of tourism legislation in Ukraine
The study is devoted to the theoretical and legal analysis of the main trends in the development of tourism legislation in Ukraine. The relevance of the chosen subject lies in the presence of grounds to consider the tourism industry promising, given the possible positive social and economic effect for Ukraine, if the state considers the factors necessary for such an increase. The purpose of this study is to analyse the main trends in the development of tourism legislation of Ukraine and international legislation as part of national legislation. The analysis, synthesis, historical-legal, and comparative-legal methods are applied to achieve this goal. This methodology enabled the analysis and comparison of the international and national regulatory framework through the prism of historical and legal experience and allowed the drawing of conclusions about the current main trends in legislative development in the field under study. The results of the study are: today, tourism in Ukraine remains a non-priority industry (this statement is based on the general trend towards stagnation of the tourism sector in Ukraine), is unattractive for foreign tourists (this is due to objective reasons, including not only external threats that exist today, but also scanty indicators recorded before the outbreak of the pandemic and armed aggression by the Russian Federation) and works mainly for domestic consumers, which is confirmed by the data of the state statistics service of Ukraine. The situation has developed, in particular, due to a number of factors that are presented in this study (considering the experience of foreign countries), and insufficient regulation of tourist relations at the legislative level, which is analysed in detail in the paper. The study can be useful for further disclosure of issues in the area and as a basis for discussion in scientific circles against the background of the decline of the industry.
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