集中热流不均匀加热下纳米流体通道内热质交换的数学模型

A. Borysenko, L. Knysh
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摘要

这项工作旨在确定使用纳米流体(一种含有纳米颗粒的特殊悬浮液)作为抛物面槽式太阳能发电厂的传热剂的便利性。在基础换热剂中加入纳米颗粒可以增强通道内的对流换热,从而提高接收系统的总热效率。建立了一个精细的非线性三维数学模型,研究了由聚光器和带有纳米流体的管式吸热器组成的抛物槽式太阳能电站接收系统的传热传质问题。在数学模型中,通过对蒙特卡罗方法得到的数值数据进行近似,得到管式受热器表面的非均匀热流密度值。这简化了经典的确定性-统计耦合数学模型,从而可以得到用有限体积法求解的纯确定性模型。该模型还考虑了吸热壁面的导热系数、实际环境条件和吸热壁面的热损失。采用数值算法对Syltherm800/Al2O3纳米流体换热剂的温度场进行了数值参数研究。该纳米流体由抛物槽式太阳能电站的传统传热剂——Syltherm800硅油——加入氧化铝纳米颗粒制备而成。对纯Syltherm800油和Al2O3纳米颗粒浓度分别为3%、5%和8%的Syltherm800/Al2O3纳米流体进行了数值研究。这项研究首次发现,使用纳米流体作为抛物线槽太阳能发电厂的传热剂,只有在纳米颗粒浓度高的纳米流体传热剂层流的情况下才会产生积极的效果。对所得数值数据进行了验证,结果与实验结果吻合较好。
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Mathematical model of heat mass exchange in a channel with a nanofluid un-der nonuniform heating by a concentrated heat flux
This work is aimed at determining the expediency of using a nanofliud (a special suspension with nanoparticles) as a heat transfer agent for a parabolic trough solar plant. Adding nanoparticles to a base heat transfer agent intensifies convective heat exchange inside the channel, thus increasing the total heat efficiency of the receiver system. A refined nonlinear 3D mathematical model was developed to study heat-and-mass transfer in the receiver system of a parabolic trough solar plant that consist of a concentrator and a tube heat receiver with a nanofluid. In the mathematical model, the values of the nonuniform heat flux on the tube heat receiver surface are found by approximating numerical data obtained by the Monte Carlo method. This simplifies the classical coupled deterministic-statistical mathematical model and allows one to obtain a purely deterministic model solved by the finite volume method. The model also accounts for the thermal conductivity of the heat receiver wall, the actual ambient conditions, and the heat loss from the heat receiver surface. A numerical algorithm was developed to conduct numerical parametric studies on determining the temperature fields of Syltherm800/Al2O3 nanofluid heat transfer agent. This nanofluid is prepared from the traditional heat transfer agent of parabolic trough solar plants – Syltherm800 silicone oil – by adding aluminum oxide nanoparticles thereto. The numerical studies were conducted both for pure Syltherm800 oil and for Syltherm800/Al2O3 nanofluid with an Al2O3 nanoparticle concentration of 3, 5, and 8 per cent. This study is the first to find that the use of a nanofluid as a heat transfer agent for a parabolic trough solar plant produces a positive effect only in the case of the laminar flow of a nanofluid heat transfer agent with a high nanoparticle concentration. A verification of the obtained numerical data showed that they are in satisfactory agreement with experimental ones.
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