A review of short-circuit models of wind generators

With the rapid increase of wind penetration in power systems, researchers have looked at various consequences of wind integration. Short-circuit current contribution of wind generators is one of these concerns. Numerous studies have been carried out with different models of wind generators to plan and operate power systems accounting short-circuit current contributions of WGs. Fixed speed, semi variable speed and doubly fed WGs are modeled as voltage sources behind their short-circuit reactances. This representation is similar to the short-circuit model of conventional synchronous generators. Beside this conventional modeling approach, doubly fed and full converter connected WGs are also modeled as constant current sources. This approach captures the short-circuit response of fast reacting crowbars, choppers and converters. This paper provides a review and explanation of these models as well as their applications in power system planning and can serve as a reference for electrical utility planners who are accountable for correct applications of models.