Multiple pelvic osteomyelitis combined with adenocarcinoma: An extremely rare complication following intestinal fistula

Aim: Intestinal fistula is a common condition with numerous infective complications. Adenocarcinoma in the anal fistula is a rare tumor, and most of the known cases have been documented as case reports. Osteomyelitis of the pelvis is uncommon. Whereas, adenocarcinoma associated with osteomyelitis of the pelvis and anal fistula is a rare case in clinical practice. We report an unusual case of multiple pelvic osteomyelitides, combined with intestinal tumors as a late complication following intestinal fistula. Methods: A case report and review of the pertinent English language literature. Results: To the best of our knowledge, this is the fist report in the English literature to describe multiple pelvic osteomyelitides combined with intestinal tumors as a serious complication following intestinal fistula. The diagnosis was made with the aid of computed tomography imaging, sinus imaging, X-ray film, needle aspiration biopsy, tumor marker tests, surgery, and pathological section. The complication was treated successfully with surgery. Conclusion: Multiple pelvic osteomyelitides combined with adenocarcinoma and anal fistula was indeed a rare case in clinical practice. Heightened awareness and better understanding of this complication would necessitate the early diagnosis and treatment.