Assisted reproduction

In vitro fertilization (IVF) has become the predominant treatment for almost all forms of male and female infertility and has resulted in the birth of more than 7 million children. IVF leads to more than 3% of all births in some developed countries although access to this technology is mainly restricted to the West. Although the basic principles of ovarian stimulation, oocyte collection, fertilization in vitro, embryo transfer, and luteal phase support remain the same, modern technology and improved laboratory and clinical practices have led to significant improvements in the likelihood of pregnancy after IVF for many couples. Advanced female age remains the main factor that reduces chances of pregnancy after IVF although oocyte and embryo freezing offer solutions for some. The science of assisted reproductive technology continues to advance rapidly and is increasingly applied to couples who are not infertile but who wish to access the DNA of their potential offspring for advanced genetic testing. This technology will be more widely applied in years to come.