Model-integrated computing environments and computer-based systems

Among the most significant technological developments of the last two decades has been the proliferation of computer-based systems (CBSs). These systems embed software to create "smart" tools and products. In CBSs, functional, performance and reliability requirements mandate a tight integration of information processing and physical processes. Embedded information technology is critical to overall system performance. CBSs include a wide range of applications, such as computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems, space systems, computerized vehicles, appliances, consumer electronics equipment, and a wide variety of systems in health care, transportation defense, communication, and power generation and distribution.