THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOCIALISM IN A SINGLE COUNTRY AND THE CRITICAL EVOLUTION OF THE SOCIALIST IDEAL

The final article in the series of materials published by the author in the “Russian Economic Journal” in the period 1917–1921 on the history, methodology and theory of Soviet socialism. It shows the objective influence of the Bolsheviks’ transition to the concept of building socialism in a single, poorly industrialized country on the socio-economic, political and spiritual appearance of Soviet society, the theoretical ideas about socialism that have arisen. The causes, role and future consequences of the current mobilization pattern focused on the survival of the USSR in an unfriendly environment are investigated; the significance of the combination of ideological and national tasks. The article analyzes the history of the formation of the imperfection of the socialist ideal, which was gradually formed as a high and inevitable payment for the positive result achieved in the formation of socialism and the dissemination of its ideas. It is emphasized that it was this circumstance, existential in its significance for the fate of socialism, that set an ambiguous socio-political situation in the life of a Soviet person, on the one hand, who was really able to think about the motherland before, and only then about himself, and on the other, who did not come to the war for this very homeland, having lost during the years of hard work the struggle and the difficult life of faith in the ideological and moral ideals and advantages of socialism.