Bias Through Metaphors in Selected Works of El-Messiri and Fukuyama: A Cognitive Linguistic Analysis

This paper detects and analyzes bias from a cognitive linguistic perspective, in selected works of Abdulwahab El-Messiri and Francis Fukuyama. The analysis focuses on the prominent conceptual metaphors which are available to construe bias and how patterns of this construal might foreground the ideologically oriented discourses. A contrastive analysis is undertaken of ElMessiri’s and Fukuyama’s selected works under investigation. Drawing on the cognitive linguistic framework of conceptual metaphor, this paper provides an examination of how cases of epistemological and ideological bias are represented and interpreted in the English and Arabic philosophical and political discourses selected for study.