Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been a topic of research since a very long time. The importance of WSN is of huge diversity as it is used in military services, environmental services, medicine, agriculture, etc. WSN is a composition of many sensor nodes that work together to send data from the source to the base station. The sensor nodes are placed systematically inside a network. The design of this network is of most importance as it deals with the reliability, efficiency, energy consumption, delay, and lifetime of the entire WSN. The longest lifespan of the system and lowering sensor node energy consumption are given top priority while developing a WSN. Various types of routing algorithms are used in the perspective of this. In this paper, the author has bifurcated the routing protocols into four main categories which are Multi-hop, Hierarchical, Cluster-based, and Long range. Apart from these, the author has also mentioned routing methods on Fault tolerance, Neutral network, Query based, and Swarm intelligence.