3G Intra circle roaming implementation techniques

The Current Telecom Industry faces a steady competition of providing new technologies to its customers and to meet the challenges of the up-gradation of the existing technologies. The more the number of operators, the more is the need for spectrum resources as well as new infrastructure keeping in mind the scarce resources available. This report provides a technical analysis of how 3rd Generation (3G) Intra Circle Roaming agreement is done between two operators under a licensed circle subjected to the conditions of the government and the telecom regulatory. Intra Circle Roaming (ICR) is a service which enables a mobile station of a given public land mobile network (PLMN) to offer services from an another PLMN in the same country on a location area basis, with automatic return to the home PLMN. The general idea of this report includes how a basic call, Short Message Service (SMS) and Packet Data Protocol (PDP) activation is made while the subscriber is roaming under ICR considerations with certain requirements from the roaming partner.