Adult congenital heart disease

In Chapter 18, the common congenital cardiac lesions encountered in adult cardiac surgical practice are reviewed. The focus of the chapter is VSDs, ASDs (and patent foramen ovale), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), including reoperation for PV conduit replacement in patients who have undergone repair of TOF in childhood. The different subtypes of VSD and ASD are reviewed, along with their important associations (e.g. pulmonary venous abnormalities in patients with sinus venosus ASD). Complex cardiac abnormalities, such as the Fontan circulation and operation for transposition of the great arteries, are discussed only briefly. Congenital abnormalities of the AV (e.g. bicuspid valve) are discussed in Chapter 10: The aortic valve and left ventricular outflow tract, and persistent left-sided SVC is discussed in Chapter 5: Anatomical variants and cardiac masses.