How to evaluate and interpret the contribution of species turnover and interaction rewiring when comparing ecological networks?

Two ecological networks can differ in several extents: in that species are different in the two networks and establish new interactions (species turnover), or in that species that are present in both networks establish different interactions in the two networks (rewiring). The ecological meaning of changes in network structure is quite different according to whether species turnover or interaction rewiri ng plays a greater ra ie. Therefore, much attention has been devoted in recent years on quantifying and in terpreting the re lative changes in network structu re due to species turnover and/or rewiri ng.