Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is an upper airway evaluation technique in which fiberoptic examination is performed under conditions of unconscious sedation. Unique information obtained from this three-dimensional examination of the airway potentially provides additive benefits to other evaluation methods to guide treatment selection. This chapter presents recommendations regarding DISE technique. It presents the Velum, Oropharynx, Tongue Base, Epiglottis (VOTE) classification for reporting DISE findings, which incorporates the four major structures that contribute to airway obstruction in most patients. The authors review the evidence concerning DISE test characteristics and the association between DISE findings and treatment outcomes, including for upper airway stimulation.