Surface Technology: History, Basic Science, and Where We Are Today in Spine Surgery

Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on January 31, 2023. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Identify advantages and disadvantages of surface technologies currently used in spine surgery. 2. Describe the current application of additive manufacturing in spine surgery and its future directions.