科技人才加速发展轨迹的多案例研究:马修效应的再检验

D. Dai, Xian Li
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摘要

马太效应(“富人越富”)几十年来一直是一个研究课题。它指的是社会或个人在人才发展以及绩效或生产力方面的累积优势,通常是纵向展开的。本研究建立在先前的一项定性研究的基础上,试图充分理解加速科学生涯的发展基础,重点关注发展变化作为观察到的马修效应的潜在解释。与传统的依赖于社会或个人优势的理论解释不同,本研究在进化复杂性理论(ECT)的基础上,揭示了发展变化对明显加速的职业轨迹和明显展开的马太效应的潜在影响。本文还讨论了这些发现在理解个性发展对人才发展的作用方面的意义。
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A multi-case study of accelerated trajectories of science talent development: Matthew effects re-examined
Matthew effect (“the rich get richer”) has been a research topic for decades. It refers to a cumulative advantage, social or individual, in talent development as well as performance or productivity, typically unfolding longitudinally. The present study builds on a previous qualitative study as an attempt to fully understand developmental underpinnings of an accelerated science career, with a focus on developmental changes as potential explanations for the observed Matthew effects. In contrast to traditional theoretical explanations that resort to either social or individual advantages, the present study, in light of Evolving Complexity Theory (ECT), uncovered developmental changes as potentially responsible for a distinct accelerated career trajectory and the apparently unfolding Matthew effects. Implications of the findings in terms of understanding the role of evolving individuality for talent development are discussed.
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