英国脱欧后外交政策形成的政治斗争

E. Ananieva
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摘要

2016年的公投并没有给英国留在欧盟的支持者(留欧派)和反对者(脱欧派)带来决定性的优势,这导致了他们的尖锐对抗和英国长期的政治危机。这项研究的目的是确定2019年议会选举和英国退出欧盟后,英国主要政党保守党和工党中竞争对手的斗争对英国外交政策主要问题的影响和后果。敌对势力的斗争经历了政党之间和政党内部的分裂,其方法超越了英国政治文化中以前采用的传统和不成文规则。外交政策问题上的艰难斗争与国内政治密切相关。保守党在2019年选举中的胜利确保了议会通过了加强行政权力的法律,损害了立法和司法机构(站在留欧派一边)。政府、议会、政党和媒体材料分析的文件展示了脱欧派和留欧派相互削弱对方的方法,使与美国和欧盟的关系复杂化,牺牲与俄罗斯的双边关系,以满足他们的狭隘党派利益。对抗仍在继续,英国陷入了新一轮的政治和经济危机,“全球化英国”的宏伟目标受到了质疑。
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Political struggle in the UK on the formation of foreign policy in the wake of Brexit
The 2016 referendum did not bring a decisive advantage to either supporters (Bremainers) or opponents (Brexiters) of Britain’s membership in the European Union, which led to their acute confrontation and a prolonged political crisis in the United Kingdom. The aim of the study is to determine the impact and consequences of the struggle of rival forces in the leading parties of Britain — Conservative and Labour — on their course on the main issues of British foreign policy after the parliamentary elections of 2019 and Britain’s exit from the EU. The struggle of the rival forces goes through the lines of inter- and intra-party division, and its methods go beyond the traditions and unwritten rules previously adopted in the political culture of the United Kingdom. The tough struggle on foreign policy issues is closely linked to domestic politics. The victory of the Conservative Party in the 2019 elections ensured the adoption by Parliament of laws strengthening the executive power to the detriment of the legislative and judicial (who sided with the Bremainers). The documents of the government, parliament, parties and media materials analysis is presented of the methods used by Brexiters and Bremainers to weaken each other, complicating relations with the US and the EU, sacrificing bilateral relations with Russia to their narrow-party interests. The confrontation continues, plunging Britain into a new round of political and economic crisis, which calls into question the ambitious goals of “Global Britain”.
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