Screening and Management of Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy

Thyroid hormone is known to play a crucial role in implantation and embryonic development, as well as in the development of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems of fetus. In particular, thyroid dysfunction is associated with various pregnancy-related complications such as miscarriage, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia. Previous studies have primarily focus on the adverse effects of hypothyroidism on fetal neurodevelopment. However, the physiological and metabolic alterations occurring during pregnancy in thyroid physiology make it difficult to diagnose thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, obstetricians should have a comprehensive understanding of physiological changes of the thyroid and be familiar with the latest guidelines regarding the complications and management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy.