Сreation of buckwheat raw material is the basis of creation of high-yield adaptive varieties

Aim. Of the research is to create a new highly productive initial material of buckwheat with increased resistance to adverse environmental factors. Actuality. According to its biological nature, buckwheat combines a high productivity potential with a relatively low and, it would seem, inconsistent yield. Historically, buckwheat in Ukraine has become almost a national cereal crop, which cereal remains among the important products for the food security of the country. And now, when the war is going on in the country, the cultivation of buckwheat is gaining relevance [6]. An increase in the volume of buckwheat grain production, mainly due to the increase and stabilization of its yield level, is possible due to the use of new breeding methods, and the realization of the genetic potential of the variety - effective cultivation technologies. Methods. Field, laboratory, measuring and weighing. Processing of the results of experimental studies was carried out using the Microsoft Excel 2010 program. Results. According to the individual structural analysis of the plants (breeding sample), the height of the plants, the number of: branches, nodes, inflorescences, grains were determined; mass of grain, plants, straw, 1000 grains. The average level of variation of such indicators as plant height, the number of nodes, and the weight of 1000 grains was observed according to the indicators of direct characteristics of the most productive breeding samples selected according to index indicators. A significant variation was found in the rest of the indicators of the signs. The results of the correlation analysis of the obtained data according to the evaluated indicators confirm a reliable close relationship at the 5% level of significance between the weight of the plant and the number of inflorescences on the plant (r = 0.705), between the number of grains on the plant and the weight of the grain (r = 0.959) and plant mass (r = 0.767), also between grain mass and plant mass (r = 0.798). Conclusions. A reliable close relationship between plant weight and number of inflorescences, number of grains and weight of grain, as well as weight of grain and number of grains was established. The researches conducted by us claim that the individual selection of elite buckwheat plants and their evaluation according to the structural elements of seed productivity, in particular according to the indices: grain size III, individual seed productivity and attraction, make it possible to create promising, high-yielding varieties of edible buckwheat with increased adaptation potential.