Towards gaze-based quantification of the security of graphical authentication schemes

In this paper, we introduce a two-step method for estimating the strength of user-created graphical passwords based on the eye-gaze behaviour during password composition. First, the individuals' gaze patterns, represented by the unique fixations on each area of interest (AOI) and the total fixation duration per AOI, are calculated. Second, the gaze-based entropy of the individual is calculated. To investigate whether the proposed metric is a credible predictor of the password strength, we conducted two feasibility studies. Results revealed a strong positive correlation between the strength of the created passwords and the gaze-based entropy. Hence, we argue that the proposed gaze-based metric allows for unobtrusive prediction of the strength of the password a user is going to create and enables intervention to the password composition for helping users create stronger passwords.