Anticonvulsant effects of clonazepam on chemically induced convulsions.

The anticonvulsant effects of two doses of clonazepam (CZP, Rivotril Roche, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg i.p.) were studied on model motor seizures induced by strychnine, bicuculline, 3-mercaptopropionic acid and metrazol in male laboratory rats (Wistar strain). In the first part the effects of different doses of the convulsants were investigated and for interaction with CZP doses were chosen after which more than 70% of the animals displayed generalized tonic-clonic convulsions (a grand mal seizure). Strychnine induced this type of seizure only: two doses (2 and 3 mg/kg s.c.) were used. CZP reduced the incidence of convulsions only after the larger dose, but plain solvent (propylene glycol, ethanol, water) was equally effective. The other substances first induced a seizure of minimal (mainly clonic) convulsions and only later a grand mal seizure. CZP was highly effective against bicuculline (3 mg/kg s.c.) and metrazol (100 mg/kg s.c.), but was less so against 3-mercaptopropionic acid. The effect on grand mal seizures was more pronounced in every case than on minimal seizures. The decisive role in the anticonvulsant effect of CZP is played by the mechanisms by which the convulsants induce epileptic manifestations. CZP is most effective against substances acting on the supramolecular complex GABA receptor (benzodiazepine receptor) chloride ionophore (bicuculline and probably metrazol).