DEVELOPMENT OF HOSPITALITY IN HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE: EUROPEAN AND UKRAINIAN CONTEXT

The aim of the article is to identify the main features of hospitality, their manifestations, and their significance for the development of the accommodation and catering industry from ancient times to the present in the European and Ukrainian contexts. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific (analytical and synthetic, inductive and deductive) and special historical (historical-comparative, problem-chronological, retrospective, diachronic) methods. Analytical and synthetic methods were used in identifying individual facts, phenomena, trends, and their further systematization in a logical sequence to argue certain assumptions, statements, and conclusions. Special historical methods were used in the process of highlighting the facts related to the development of hospitality in their chronological order and in comparison between different regions of the world to identify common trends. Results. The formation of hospitality traditions began with the first cultural and economic communications between representatives of different communities. These traditions included respect for the guest and providing him with the necessary safe living conditions. Over time, the elements of hospitality have become the basis of an extensive and profitable industry, which includes not only accommodation and food, but also entertainment and leisure, but such changes have occurred relatively recently, with the transformation of tourism into a mass phenomenon. Hospitality has played in the past and continues to play an important role in preserving and restoring national identity. Ukrainian national identity, which is changing very slowly and imperceptibly for its bearers, is becoming one of the features of the national character and includes elements of traditional folk hospitality. The history of the development of accommodation and catering shows the important role of hospitality as an integral factor of intercultural communication both in ancient times and in the modern world. Victory in the modern market of tourist services is possible only based on taking into account the historical specifics of traditional folk hospitality and its combination with today's trends in the hospitality industry. The scientific novelty is to determine the features of hospitality and their implementation in accommodation and catering establishments over a long time in comparison with the European and Ukrainian experiences. The practical significance is to draw the attention of the hotel and restaurant industry to the importance of hospitality, which has become an essential component of a successful business element.