饮用水污染物是影响乌里扬诺夫斯克地区居民健康的危险因素

S. Ermolaeva
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摘要

健康风险分析的主要目标是获取和概括有关环境因素对人类健康可能产生的影响的信息。在对乌里扬诺夫斯克地区的饮用水供应水源进行水化学分析后,确定了一份主要污染物清单。它包括铵、铁、铜、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化物、硝酸盐、锌、锰和铬。其中,铁、锰和硫酸盐三种污染物的浓度都超过了最大允许浓度。Baryshsky区(0.13)、Melekessky区(0.16)、Sengileevsky区(0.13)饮用水中铁浓度达到阈值慢性效应水平。Staromainsky(0.4和0.3)和Cherdaklinsky(0.9和0.27)地区饮用水中的铁和锰浓度可引起严重的慢性影响。对健康风险的评估使我们得出结论,饮用水可能是一个额外的风险因素,并引发疾病的发展。关键词:危险因素,发病率,最大允许浓度,污染物,相对条件风险,平均日剂量。
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Drinking water contaminants as risk factors for the health of the Ulyanovsk region population
The main goal of health risk analysis is to obtain and generalize information about the possible influence of environmental factors on human health. As a result of hydrochemical analysis of drinking water supply sources in the Ulyanovsk region, a list of main contaminants has been established. It includes ammonium, iron, copper, phosphates, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, zinc, manganese and chromium. Among them three pollutants - iron, manganese and sulfates – had surpassed maximum permissible concentration. The concentration of iron at the level of threshold chronic effects was found in drinking water of Baryshsky (0.13), Melekessky (0.16), Sengileevsky (0.13) districts. Severe chronic effects can be caused by the concentration of iron and manganese in the drinking water of the Staromainsky (0.4 and 0.3) and Cherdaklinsky (0.9 and 0.27) districts. Assessment of health risks led us to the conclusion that drinking water can serve as an additional risk factor and provoke disease development. Key words: risk factors, morbidity, maximum permissible concentration, pollutants, relative conditional risk, average daily dose.
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