欧盟环境外交的亚洲和非洲方向

Iryna Habro
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摘要

本文旨在分析欧盟在亚洲和非洲的环境外交。欧盟是国际环境活动发展的领导者。与世界上其他国家相比,欧盟的独特之处在于其环境外交在世界大部分地区实施,包括亚洲和非洲。所有这些都决定了欧盟环境外交对亚洲和非洲地区研究的相关性。欧盟环境外交的亚洲载体是通过各种计划、项目、亚欧会议平台(亚洲和欧洲之间的非正式对话与合作进程,于1996年启动)和欧盟-东盟环境与水合作平台(2009年在罗马举行的高级别会议,作为欧盟-东盟在水与环境领域合作的基础,基于与东盟国家商定的欧盟中亚战略)来实施的。非洲大陆特别容易受到气候变化和环境退化的影响。粮食安全、可持续供水和极端天气事件(洪水、干旱沙漠)是需要非洲和欧盟共同努力的关键问题。文章揭示了欧盟资助的非洲再生计划,该计划始于2017年。该计划旨在改善八个国家的生计,加强粮食安全,增强对气候变化的抵御能力,同时恢复退化的生态系统服务。欧盟在非洲追求其外部环境目标,即以“非洲-欧盟联合战略”的形式进行高层政治对话,通过发展项目和计划进行能力建设,以及在《经济伙伴关系协定》中操纵效用计算。在过去十年中,环境和气候变化在欧非关系中变得更加重要。然而,欧盟试图通过高层政治对话来推行其外交政策的努力,受到了许多削弱其与非洲更广泛关系的同样弱点的阻碍。
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ASIAN AND AFRICAN DIRECTIONS OF EU ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY
The article is devoted to the analysis of environmental diplomacy of the European Union in Asia and Africa. The EU is the leader in the development of international environmental activities. The uniqueness of the EU, compared to other countries in the world, is that its environmental diplomacy is implemented in most regions of the world, including Asia and Africa. All this determines the relevance of the study of Asian and African areas of EU environmental diplomacy. The Asian vector of EU environmental diplomacy is implemented through various programs, projects, through the Asia-Europe Meeting platform (informal process of dialogue and cooperation between Asia and Europe, launched in 1996) and the EU-CA platform on environment and water cooperation (High-level conferences in Rome in 2009 as a basis for EU-CA cooperation in the field of water and environment based on the EU Strategy for Central Asia agreed with the CA countries). The African continent is particularly vulnerable to climate change and environmental degradation. Food security, sustainable water supply and extreme weather events (floods, arid deserts) are key issues that require joint efforts by Africa and the EU. The article reveals the EU-funded Regeneration of Africa program, which began in 2017. The program aims to improve livelihoods, strengthen food security and strengthen resilience to climate change, while restoring degraded ecosystem services in eight countries. The EU pursues its external environmental goals in Africa, namely, high-level political dialogue in the form of a Joint Africa-EU Strategy, capacity building through development projects and programs, and manipulating utility calculations in the Economic Partnership Agreement. The environment and climate change have become more important in EU-Africa relations over the last decade. However, the EU’s attempts to pursue its foreign policy through high-level political dialogue are hampered by many of the same weaknesses that undermine its broader relations with Africa.
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