退出城市:寻找瓦伦蒂娜·马萨尔斯基创作的源泉

R. Balevičiūtė, Agnė Jurgaitytė-Avižinienė
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摘要

在创造力心理学中,人们越来越需要探索的不仅是艺术家的个人世界,还有创造性工作的更广泛的背景,比如环境对创造力的影响。本文结合戏剧研究和心理学的方法和见解,提出城市和非城市环境对戏剧艺术家的影响问题,并探讨立陶宛演员、导演、教育家瓦伦蒂娜斯·马萨尔斯基的“退出”现象。本文基于定性研究:案例研究分析,采用深度访谈作为数据收集的方法。研究结果从访谈材料中选择了四个元主题:“城市是喧嚣”、“为了回来而退出”、“我不是没有别人的人”、“超越美学”,以退出主题为基本轴。从现象学的角度对这些元主题进行分析,揭示了退出是如何帮助马萨尔斯基实现他的戏剧愿景的。对马萨斯基来说,退场不仅是产生新表演的方式,而且是更进一步的方式——深化人类学反思,发展教学方法,发现不同寻常的观点,加强伦理原则,最后,以平静和专注的方式寻找创造力的源泉。
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Withdrawal from the City: Searching For the Source of Valentinas Masalskis’s Creative Work
In psychology of creativity, there has been a growing need to explore not only the individual world of the artist, but also the broader context of creative work, such as the influence of the environment on creativity. By combining the methods and insights of theater studies and psychology, this article raises the question of the impact of urban and non-urban environment on the theater artist and explores the phenomenon of “withdrawals” of Lithuanian actor, director, and pedagogue Valentinas Masalskis. The article is based on qualitative research: case study analysis, with in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The research resulted in selection of four meta-themes that emerged from the interviewing material: “city is bustle,” “to withdraw in order to come back,” “I am no one without others,” “beyond aesthetics,” with the theme of withdrawal as the essential axis. The analysis of these meta-themes in phenomenological perspective revealed how withdrawals help Masalskis to realize his vision of the theater. For Masalskis, withdrawals are the way not only to produce a new performance, but also to go further—to deepen anthropological reflection, to develop pedagogical methods, to discover unusual perspectives, to strengthen ethical principles, and, finally, to search for the source of creativity in a calm and focused manner.
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