Built-in tuning of the local oscillator for open loop modulation of low cost, low power RF transceiver

This paper presents a built-in tuning technique of local oscillator part of radiofrequency (RF) transceiver using onchip temperature sensor and process monitoring in order to cancel the process, voltage and temperature (PVT) drift of the modulating frequency. An auto-calibration of the VCO, based on Design-Of-Experiment (DOE) methodology, is proposed. This approach investigates process and temperature monitoring of the frequency of operation and results in low-cost, low power solutions.