Evaluating the statistical significance of air temperature changes in the Northern hemisphere by statistical methods

The analysis of changes in the near-surface air temperature of the Northern Hemisphere is given. To identify years in which there was a violation of the series homogeneity, the stepwise trend method was applied using Kolmogorov statistics. It is shown that the identified homogeneous climatic intervals basically correspond to the natural climatic periods of the state of the Earth’s climate system. The assessment of the significance of temperature changes in homogeneous climatic areas was carried out by the method of confidence intervals using Student’s t-test. Based on the confirmed statistical significance, the conclusion is made about the climatic significance of changes in the surface air temperature of the Northern Hemisphere.