Hydroxyapatite Synthesis from Clam Shell Using Hydrothermal Method : A Review

The synthesis of hydroxyapatite biomaterial has been growing in interest due hydroxyapatite (HAp) is an essential ingredient for recovering of bone and teeth problems. As low-cost production is currently being sought out for, the high content of calcium carbonate in clamshell waste can be used as an alternative meterial for the HAp material production. The use of clamshells also a statement for concern to fisheries, coastal and oceangrphies research. The use of clamshells waste in synthesis hydroxyapatite is helping to reduce cost production and environmental protection purposes. This paper aims to study the hydrothermal method can be used synthesize hydroxyapatite and convert clamshells to hydroxyapatite.