The Impact of the Human Microbiome on Cancer Immunotherapy

It is now well known that the human microbiome significantly impacts the development and support of fundamental physiological elements such as metabolism and immunity, influencing even one’s behavior. Dysbiotic microbiota is significantly involved in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases including neoplasia, affecting the processes of tumor initiation and progression, either by direct action on the tumor cells or indirect influence via the individual's immune system, This paper addresses the current knowledge about the impact of the human microbiome on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy (CI) based on immune checkpoint inhibitors-(ICI) and the possible application of the microbiota as a novel therapy for cancer.