Surgical treatments (especially middle urethral suspension) for female stress urinary incontinence: a literature review

Background and Objective: Pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFDs) are increasingly prevalent worldwide. Among PFDs, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) stands out due to its complex pathogenesis, making it the most common form of urinary incontinence (UI), affecting at least 50% of adult women globally, particularly elderly and postpartum women. This condition leads to significant physical and psychological impairments. Surgical interventions have shown greater efficacy compared to conservative treatments, particularly in cases of severe SUI. Recent advancements in minimally invasive surgery have significantly improved surgical treatments, addressed associated side effects and achieved better therapeutic outcomes than in the past.