Climate Change Driving Salinity an Overview of Vulnerabilities, Adaptations, and Challenges for Indonesian Agriculture

Abstract Climate change has negatively affected agricultural productivity in Indonesia. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on soil salinity caused by climate change, discuss the impact of soil salinity on Indonesian agriculture, examine various strategies for adaptation to salinity, and deliver some ideas for future research. An analysis of 39 identified Scopus articles related to farmers' vulnerability, adaptation, and practices was carried out. This study was performed in November 2022 and employed Bibliometrix R-package and VOSviewer software. Findings show that salinity has left Indonesia's agriculture vulnerable to reduced food production, especially for small-scale farmers losing crop yields and land. Various adaptation measures have been initiated, such as restoring soil fertility and using saline-resistant varieties. Irrigation facilities improvements have also been carried out to reduce the risks of soil salinity expansion. Farmers also try social action measures, such as selling assets, borrowing money for daily needs, and even changing jobs. However, farmers to survive and sustain their businesses, any any such measures need to produce satisfactory results. A review of the existing literature reveals a lack of soil salinity studies in Indonesia which simultaneously points to research gaps not only on the issue of the impact of salinity on income and the vulnerability of small farmers but also on the development of adaptation strategies to address salinity due to climate change.