Historical Analogies

Abstract Historical analogies are amongst the most important tools in applied history. On the one hand, they are applauded as decision-making tools, on the other hand they are criticised by the historical discipline. In the discipline of applied history, historical analogies remain deconceptualised. This article defines and classifies the various forms of historical analogy. Classification is based on people and events, on how history is learned and on the depth of the lessons learned from historical analogies. The functions of historical analogies in policymaking and decision-making are discussed and clarified by means of historical examples. The article then reflects on the limitations of historical analogies and, to conclude, suggests ways to encourage the correct use of historical analogies.