Beyond rockets: transport planning for permanent space settlements

This editorial initiates a dialogue on transport planning within permanent space settlements. It introduces a conceptual model outlining key elements and contextual factors integral to the development and operation of transport systems in space communities. The unique constraints of space environments (e.g. cosmic radiation, gravity, atmosphere, temperature, dust and soil) require systems prioritising efficiency, safety, resilience, accessibility, and well-being beyond Earth’s requirements. Collective and active modes along vertical and horizontal axes within compact settlements may be optimal due to resource constraints. Innovative energy storage and sharing systems, enhanced materials, and new maintenance protocols will likely be required for modular, adaptable pressurised tunnel or tube-based transport systems. To ensure safety and operational integrity, a rigorously managed traffic environment is anticipated, requiring a balance between demand, capacities, and service frequencies. Comfortable and joyful travel environments would be needed to alleviate stressors associated with tunnel-based travel. Governance and policies would be expected to prioritise aspects such as well-being and social equity in response to harsh space conditions and resource constraints. Future research could involve system-level, interdisciplinary and participatory futures and simulation methods to address the complexity and uncertainties inherent to transport planning in space settlements.