日本老龄化社会:对日本多样性的挑战社会包容

Fransisca Fleicia Paschaline, Rama Ardhia Prastita, Ericka Mega
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摘要

日本是一个超老龄化社会。高预期寿命和低生育率的结合导致人口减少。这种情况是如此的长期,以至于在极端的后果下,日本首相岸田文雄(Fumio Kishida)警告说,日本“处于无法作为一个社会发挥作用的边缘”。基于这一问题,本文旨在讨论和审视日本的人口危机如何影响经济、社会和政治生活中的多样性和社会包容性,以及应该执行哪些政策来创造一个更加多元化和包容性的日本社会。这是一个重要的话题,因为没有现有的文献全面研究老龄化社会如何直接影响多样性和社会包容。本文采用了萎缩经济学(shrinkanomics)和包容性社会发展理论(inclusive social development theory),前者描述了日本因人口萎缩而导致的经济发展困境,后者强调只有将社会所有成员都纳入其中,才能实现可持续发展。本文认为,老龄化社会显著影响了严格移民政策和日本身份认同的政治问题、代际经济差距和医疗保健制度的社会问题。为了解决这些问题,作者认为有必要制定可持续的政策,采取积极主动的移民措施,加强公私伙伴关系以促进包容性经济创新,并加强家庭和社区护理系统。
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Japan’s Aging Society: A Challenge to Japan’s Diversity & Social Inclusion
Japan is a super-aged society. The combination of high life expectancy and low fertility rates leads to a decreasing population. The situation is so chronic that at the extreme consequences, Prime Minister Fumio Kishida warned Japan was "on the brink of not being able to function as a society." Based on this issue, the article aims to discuss and examine how Japan's demographic crisis affects diversity and social inclusion in economic, social, and political life and what policies should be enforced to create a more diverse and inclusive society in Japan. It is an important topic as no existing literature comprehensively examines how the aging society directly impacts diversity and social inclusion. This paper uses the concept of shrinkanomics, which describes the troublesome economic development in Japan due to its shrinking population, and the theory of inclusive social development, which emphasizes that sustainable development can only be achieved if all members of a society are included. This paper argues that an aging society significantly impacts the political issue of strict immigrant policies and Japan's identity, the economic gap between generations, and the social issue of the healthcare system. To address these issues, the authors argue that there is a need for sustainable policy by pursuing a proactive approach to immigration, enhancing public-private partnerships to promote inclusive economic innovation, and strengthening the home and community-based care system.
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