揭示财富不平等的动态以及对社会流动性和健康差距的影响

IF 2.6 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Journal of Physics Complexity Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI:10.1088/2632-072x/ad0018
Caterina A M La Porta, Stefano Zapperi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在过去的几十年里,财富、收入、获得食物和医疗保健方面的不平等在全球范围内不断加剧,接近20世纪初的水平。在这里,我们研究了财富不平等和人口流动之间的关系,比较了在美国和意大利进行的纵向调查。在美国观察到的更大的财富不平等反映在比意大利更差的健康状况上。我们还发现,在这两个国家,财富流动在财富分配的两个极端都变慢了。与一般人口相比,陷入持续缺乏财富状态的家庭通常面临更大的粮食不安全状况和更差的健康状况。我们使用一个简单的基于代理的财富凝聚模型来解释观察到的不平等和不流动性之间的关联,该模型由随机回报和交换驱动。该模型在定性层面上描述了油井调查数据,但该模型通常高估了流动性。我们将这种差异追溯到低财富家庭的收入产生方式,而模型没有正确地考虑到这一点。另一方面,正如我们通过分析亿万富翁名单所证明的那样,该模型在描述有限的超级富豪阶层的财富动态方面表现出色。我们的研究结果表明,不同形式的不平等是交织在一起的,因此应该一起解决。
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Unraveling the dynamics of wealth inequality and the impact on social mobility and health disparities
Abstract Inequalities in wealth, income, access to food and healthcare have been rising worldwide in the past decades, approaching levels seen in the early 20th century. Here we study the relationships between wealth inequality and mobility for different segments of the population, comparing longitudinal surveys conducted in the USA and in Italy. The larger wealth inequality observed in the USA is reflected by poorer health conditions than in Italy. We also find that in both countries wealth mobility becomes slower at the two extremes of the wealth distribution. Households trapped in a state of persistent lack of wealth are generally experiencing greater food insecurity and poorer health than the general population. We interpret the observed association between inequality and immobility using a simple agent based model of wealth condensation driven by random returns and exchanges. The model describes well survey data on a qualitative level, but the mobility is generally overestimated by the model. We trace back this discrepancy to the way income is generated for low-wealth households which is not correctly accounted by the model. On the other hand, the model is excellent in describing the wealth dynamics within a restricted class of ultra-wealthy, as we demonstrate by analyzing billionaires lists. Our results suggest that different forms of inequality are intertwined and should therefore be addressed together.
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来源期刊
Journal of Physics Complexity
Journal of Physics Complexity Computer Science-Information Systems
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
11.10%
发文量
45
审稿时长
14 weeks
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