确定乌克兰平原地区土壤造林适宜性的方法学

S. P. Raspopina
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Determination of the suitability of soils for forestation was assessed according to three categories: 1) unsuitable for forestation and conditionally suitable for forestation (very dry, very poor, toxic, with a limited rhizosphere zone, inaccessible or hardly accessible for cultivation); 2) limited suitability for forestation (dry and poor soils); 3) suitable for forestation. Packages of markers have been developed, on the basis of which it is possible to assess both their forest suitability and determine the type of forest growth conditions of non-forest lands. When compiling markers, preference was given to such soil indicators, which, along with informativeness in relation to soil quality, did not require complex methods of determination. The composition of markers includes morphological, physical, agrochemical parameters and depends on the type of soil. Conclusions. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。制定一种评估某些非生产性土壤品种的森林适宜性的方法。方法。运用了土壤学、农业化学、森林学、森林管理学、类型学和数理统计等经典方法。结果。森林类型学原理是确定土壤是否适合造林的基础。其实质是对林分土壤性质(土壤形态、化学成分)和林业特征的综合研究,以及对草灌丛层的生态形态分析。本文介绍了对乌克兰平原地区不同自然地带林分生产力和主要非生产性土壤(沙质、侵蚀和骨骼)性质的综合研究结果。对土壤造林适宜性的确定分为三类:1)不适宜造林和有条件适宜造林(极干、极差、有毒、根际区有限、难以或难以耕作);2)有限的造林适宜性(土壤干燥贫瘠);3)适宜造林。已经开发了一系列标记物,在这些标记物的基础上,可以评估它们的森林适宜性和确定非森林土地的森林生长条件类型。在编制标记时,优先考虑这些土壤指标,它们与土壤质量相关的信息丰富,不需要复杂的测定方法。标记物的组成包括形态、物理和农化参数,并取决于土壤类型。结论。开发的标记包是在以前没有森林植被生长的非生产性土地上科学地创造森林的基础。它们在造林中的使用提高了造林效率,使森林更能抵抗不利的环境因素。该方法适用于林业专家,可用于企业、森林部门机构、森林设计组织以及与保护和合理利用自然资源有关的有关工业。方法方面的发展可以列入中学和高等林业教育机构的课程。
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Methodology for determining the suitability of soils for afforestation in plain part of Ukraine
Purpose. To develop a methodology for assessing forest suitability for certain varieties of unproductive soils. Methods. There are used the classical methods of soil science, agrochemistry, forest science, forest management, typology and mathematical statistics. Results. The principles of forest typology are the basis for determining the suitability of soils for forestation. Its essence lies in a comprehensive study of soil properties (soil morphometry, chemical composition) and forestry characteristics of forest stands, as well as an analysis of the grass-shrub layer by ecomorphs. The results of studies of the combined study of the productivity of forest stands and the properties of the main varieties of unproductive soils (sandy, eroded and skeletal) in different natural zones of the plain part of Ukraine are presented. Determination of the suitability of soils for forestation was assessed according to three categories: 1) unsuitable for forestation and conditionally suitable for forestation (very dry, very poor, toxic, with a limited rhizosphere zone, inaccessible or hardly accessible for cultivation); 2) limited suitability for forestation (dry and poor soils); 3) suitable for forestation. Packages of markers have been developed, on the basis of which it is possible to assess both their forest suitability and determine the type of forest growth conditions of non-forest lands. When compiling markers, preference was given to such soil indicators, which, along with informativeness in relation to soil quality, did not require complex methods of determination. The composition of markers includes morphological, physical, agrochemical parameters and depends on the type of soil. Conclusions. The developed packages of markers are the basis for the scientifically based creation of forests on unproductive lands, on which forest vegetation did not grow before. Their use in afforestation increases its efficiency and makes forests more resistant to adverse environmental factors. The Methodology is intended for forestry specialists, it can be used at enterprises, institutions of the forest sector, forest design organizations, as well as in related industries concerned with the protection and rational use of natural resources. The methodological developments can be included in the curricula of secondary and higher forestry-oriented education institutions.
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