发展中国家官方惠益援助的决定因素

Marina Mikitchuk
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摘要

本文介绍了惠益型官方发展援助形成因素的开创性跨国研究成果。官方发展援助被定义为捐助国出于无私的目的,为提高受援国的福利而提供的援助。在初步的数据审查中,提出了一种以利益为导向的援助的原始措施,它允许研究混合动机条件下的转移。随后对经济合作与发展组织(oecd) 2010-2019年18个捐助国的面板数据进行回归分析表明,利益导向动机主要由高度信任、社会中利他行为的普遍存在以及捐助国的社会经济福利来保证。有证据表明,无私援助的辅助因素是民主政府结构、宽容和生活满意度;此外,政治参与作为利他主义的一个因素对捐赠者的动机有间接的影响。计算还表明,捐助国人均国内总产值的增加可以促进官方发展援助的利益导向和自私动机,而其他因素则没有显示出类似的整体效果。研究结果证实并澄清了协作哲学关于协作关系发生和传播的理论结论。这些研究结果可用于改进国际援助的原则和机制,以及预测以利益为导向的转移的动态。
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Determinants of official benefit-oriented aid to developing countries
The article presents the pioneer cross-country study results of the formation factors of benefit-oriented official development assistance (ODA), which is defined as aid sent by a donor disinterestedly and in order to improve the welfare of the recipient. In the preliminary data review an original measure of benefit-oriented assistance is proposed, which allows to study transfers in conditions of mixing motives. Subsequent regression analysis of panel data on 18 donors of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development for 2010–2019 shows that a benefit-oriented motive is primarily ensured by a high degree of trust, the prevalence of altruistic behavior in society and the socio-economic welfare of the donor country. There is evidence to suggest that ancillary factors of disinterested assistance are the democratic government structure, tolerance and life satisfaction; in addition, political participation as a factor of altruism has an indirect effect on the motivation of the donor. Calculations also show that an increase in the per capita GDP of the donor can contribute to both benefit-oriented and selfish motives of ODA, while other factors do not demonstrate a similar integral effect. The results obtained confirm and clarify the theoretical conclusions of the philosophy of collaboration regarding the genesis and dissemination of collaborative relationships. These findings can be used to improve the principles and mechanisms of international assistance as well as to forecast the dynamics of benefit-oriented transfers.
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