1991 - 1995年俄罗斯银行体系的起源

IF 0.4 Q4 ECONOMICS Ekonomicheskaya politika Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.18288/1994-5124-2023-4-36-57
Ivan M. Baydakov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章提供了俄罗斯现代银行业的历史。在经历了许多社会经济和社会文化转型之后,俄罗斯已经稳定下来,现在是对这个问题进行历史研究的合适时机。作者从俄罗斯联邦第一批商业银行出现的经济改革时期开始分析银行体系的发展。1991年7月俄罗斯国家银行的成立开启了第一阶段的发展,该阶段于1995年底结束,当时银行界能够从俄罗斯第一次系统性银行危机中恢复过来,并适应市场现实。本文对中国银行业形成初期的鲜明特征进行了识别和分析。在改革之前,苏联单一银行体系的主要任务是为经济安排融资,并监督预算支出和估算。甚至在其早期阶段,俄罗斯银行体系就开始合并为两级,因为银行接触到市场条件,获得了商业信贷方面的经验,并处理以市场为基础的金融工具。当苏联解体时,俄罗斯有869家银行机构在运作,这些机构为俄罗斯经济下一阶段的银行业结构提供了基础。1991年之后,俄罗斯必须迎接挑战,将俄罗斯联邦苏维埃社会主义共和国的经济与后苏联加盟共和国分离开来,在受到危机破坏的国民经济中重建一个相互结算的体系,并找到监管银行业的方法,使其更加可靠
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The Origin of the Russian Banking System From 1991 to 1995
The article provides a history of Russia’s modern banking sector. Russia has stabilized after a great many socio-economic and socio-cultural transformations, and the time is apt for a historical treatment of the topic. The author analyzes the development of the banking system from its beginnings during perestroika when the first commercial banks appeared in the Russian Federation. The formation of the Russian State Bank in July 1991 initiated the first stage of development, which ended in late 1995 when the banking community was able to recover from Russia’s first systemic banking crisis and adapt to market realities. The article identifies and analyzes the distinctive features of the banking sector during the first stage of its formation. Before perestroika, the main task of the Soviet Union’s single-tier banking system was to arrange financing for the economy and supervise budgetary spending and estimates. Even during its early stages the Russian banking system began to coalesce into two tiers as banks were exposed to market conditions, gained experience in commercial credit, and dealt in market-based financial instruments. When the Soviet Union collapsed, there were 869 banking organizations operating in Russia, and these provided a basis for structuring the banking sector during the next stage of the economy. After 1991 the country had to meet the challenge of detaching the economy of the RSFSR from the post-Soviet republics, rebuilding a system for mutual settlements in a national economy disrupted by crisis, and finding ways to regulate the banking sector and make it more reliable
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
20.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: Ekonomicheskaya Politika is a broad-range economic journal devoted primarily to the study of the economic policy of present-day Russia as well as global economic problems. The subject matters of articles includes macroeconomic, fiscal, monetary, industrial, social, regulation and competition policyand more. The journal also publishes theoretical papers in such areas as political economy, general economic theory, welfare economics, law and economics,and institutional economics.. The character and the scope of economic problems studied in many publications require a multidisciplinary approach, consistent with the editorial policy of the journal. While the thematic scope of articles is generally related to Russia, the aim of editorial policy is to cover politico-economic processes in the modern world and international economic relations, as well. In addition, Ekonomicheskaya Politika publishes Russian translations of classical and significant modern works of foreign economists.
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