食物可得性对猎物风险诱导性状反应的影响

IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Behavioral Ecology Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI:10.1093/beheco/arad074
Michael J Sheriff, Isabella Mancini, Olivia K Aguiar, Eleanor R DiNuzzo, Sophia Maloney-Buckley, Sam Sonnega, Sarah C Donelan
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引用次数: 1

摘要

猎物通过改变其形态、生理和行为来应对捕食风险,这些反应可能以猎物的觅食和生长为代价。然而,他们对风险的感知可能取决于相互作用发生的环境背景。在这里,我们研究了食物供应如何影响猎物对非致命但自由放养的捕食者的反应。以蓝贻贝为基础资源,建立了绿蟹(Carcinus maenas)捕食者和狗螺(Nucella lapillus)捕食者的潮间带系统的实验中生态系统。在28天的实验中,我们测量了个体Nucella的风险厌恶行为(其栖息地利用的总价值)和它们的生长。我们发现,当Nucella暴露在被捕食的风险中时,它们在有食物时比没有食物时有更大的风险厌恶行为。我们还发现,在所有治疗中,风险厌恶行为随着时间的推移而增加,但暴露于食物捕食风险的个体总是有更大的风险厌恶行为。在提供食物时,Nucella的生长明显高于没有提供食物的情况。在食物处理中,与没有暴露于风险的蜗牛相比,暴露于捕食风险的蜗牛的生长明显降低。在没有食物的处理中,被捕食的风险对生长没有影响。我们的研究结果支持这样的假设,即更大的资源可获得性显著增加了个体的风险反应和风险规避成本,因此食物放大了风险引起的非消费效应。它们提供了基于情境的捕食风险效应的见解,以及个体如何根据感知风险、食物可用性和响应成本优先考虑安全与觅食。
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The impact of food availability on risk-induced trait responses in prey
Abstract Prey respond to predation risk by altering their morphology, physiology, and behavior, responses that may come at a cost to prey foraging and growth. However, their perception of risk may depend upon the environmental context in which the interaction occurs. Here, we examined how food availability influenced prey’s responses to a nonlethal but free-ranging predator. We used an experimental mesocosm set-up of an intertidal system of green crab (Carcinus maenas) predators and dogwhelk snail (Nucella lapillus) prey, with blue mussels as the basal resource. We measured individual Nucella risk-aversion behavior (summed value of their habitat use) and their growth throughout the 28-day experiment. We found that when Nucella were exposed to predation risk, they had greater risk-aversion behavior when food was available as compared to when food was not. We also found that risk-aversion behavior increased over time in all treatments but that individuals exposed to predation risk with food always had greater risk-aversion behavior. Nucella had significantly more growth when provided with food as compared to without. In treatments with food, snails exposed to predation risk had significantly reduced growth compared to those not exposed to risk. In treatments without food, predation risk had no effect on growth. Our results support the hypothesis that greater resource availability significantly increases individual risk responses and the costs of risk avoidance, thus food magnifies risk-induced non-consumptive effects. They provide insights into context-based predation risk effects and how individuals may prioritize safety versus foraging depending upon perceived risk, food availability, and the costs of responding.
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来源期刊
Behavioral Ecology
Behavioral Ecology 环境科学-动物学
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
8.30%
发文量
93
审稿时长
3.0 months
期刊介绍: Studies on the whole range of behaving organisms, including plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, and humans, are included. Behavioral Ecology construes the field in its broadest sense to include 1) the use of ecological and evolutionary processes to explain the occurrence and adaptive significance of behavior patterns; 2) the use of behavioral processes to predict ecological patterns, and 3) empirical, comparative analyses relating behavior to the environment in which it occurs.
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