第13章:作为公共卫生问题的be

Michael Kunze, Wilhelm Erber, Martin Haditsch
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摘要

根据地区和分析年份的不同,脑炎的发病率从每年“仅有单个散发病例”到每年50/105例不等;在中欧流行地区通常为1-10/105。这一数字可能被认为是“低的”——不仅从个人风险角度,而且从公共卫生角度来看也是如此。然而,如果一个人确实感染了TBE,由于需要紧急住院治疗和潜在的严重和长期后遗症,这种疾病可能会深刻地改变他/她的生活。在1-2%(-20%)的病例中,TBE甚至可能导致死亡。目前还没有专门的治疗方法。该病的严重程度和长期后遗症的高频率导致公众对流行地区蜱虫叮咬的高度认识和关注。tbe流行地区的公共卫生官员需要解决这些问题;此外,他们需要解决处于危险中的旅行者的担忧。主要的公共卫生措施旨在通过减少接触和预防性接种来减少脑炎病例。从医疗保健支付者的角度以及从考虑长期后遗症的个人角度来看,建议/报销破伤风疫苗接种仍在讨论中。
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Chapter 13: TBE as a matter of public health
The incidence of TBE ranges from ‘only single sporadic cases’ to >50/105 per year depending on the region and on the year of analysis; it is usually 1-10/105 in endemic regions in central Europe. This number may be considered as ‘low’ – not only as an individual risk but also from a public health perspective. If an individual does contract TBE, however, the disease may deeply change her/his life due to the need for acute hospital care and due to potentially severe and long-term sequelae. In 1–2% (-20%) of cases, TBE may even result in death. No specific treatments exist for TBE. The severity of the disease and high frequency of long-term sequelae result in high public awareness and concerns about tick bites in endemic areas. Public health officials in TBE-endemic areas need to address these concerns; moreover, they need to address the concerns of travelers at risk. The principal public health measures aim at reducing TBE cases by reduction of exposure and preventive vaccination. Recommendation/reimbursement of TBE vaccination still is under discussion from side of healthcare payer perspective as well as from the individuals perspective considering long term sequelae.
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TBE in Ukraine TBE in Austria TBE in Belarus TBE in Kazakhstan Chapter 3: Transmission/Natural cycle
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