未来-现在关系不敏感:心理近视和心理远视的新视角

IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2023-10-15 DOI:10.1002/bdm.2358
Sarah Wei, Christopher K. Hsee
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人们选择在当下体验多少快乐或痛苦,往往与他们在未来体验多少快乐或痛苦成反比。人们是否会做出能最大限度地提高整体幸福感的选择?先前的研究表明,人们一般都是近视眼(即过度选择当下的快乐)。我们认为,之前的研究可能只偏重于未来比现在更重要的情况。相反,人们通常对现在与未来的相对重要性不够敏感。当未来比现在更重要时,人们会过度选择快乐而不是现在,从而显得近视;但当未来比现在不那么重要时,人们会过度选择快乐而不是现在,从而显得远视。六项实验(以及一项原因探索研究)证明了我们的命题,并表明当未来更重要(更不重要)时,强迫或暗示人们为现在选择更少(更多)的快乐会增加他们的整体幸福感。这项研究对人们普遍近视的普遍观点提出了质疑,并支持了新出现的研究,这些研究表明人们普遍对情况不敏感,在不同情况下会表现出看似相反的偏差(如近视和远视)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Future–present relationship insensitivity: A new perspective on psychological myopia and psychological hyperopia

How much joy versus pain people choose to experience for the present often inversely affects how much joy versus pain they will experience in the future. Do people make choices that maximize their overall happiness? Prior research suggests that people are generally myopic (i.e., over-choosing joy for the present). We suggest that the prior research may have biasedly focused only on situations in which the future is more important than the present. Rather, people are generally insufficiently sensitive to the relative importance of the present versus the future. When the future is more important than the present, people over-choose joy for the present, thus appearing myopic, but when the future is less important than the present, people under-choose joy for the present, thus appearing hyperopic. Six experiments (along with a reason-exploration study) demonstrate our propositions and show that forcing or nudging people to choose less (more) joy for the present when the future is more (less) important increases their overall happiness. This research challenges the popular view that people are generally myopic, and supports emerging research showing that people are generally situation-insensitive and can exhibit seemingly opposite biases (e.g., myopia and hyperopia) in different situations.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
5.00%
发文量
40
期刊介绍: The Journal of Behavioral Decision Making is a multidisciplinary journal with a broad base of content and style. It publishes original empirical reports, critical review papers, theoretical analyses and methodological contributions. The Journal also features book, software and decision aiding technique reviews, abstracts of important articles published elsewhere and teaching suggestions. The objective of the Journal is to present and stimulate behavioral research on decision making and to provide a forum for the evaluation of complementary, contrasting and conflicting perspectives. These perspectives include psychology, management science, sociology, political science and economics. Studies of behavioral decision making in naturalistic and applied settings are encouraged.
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