Charity’s Role in the Development of Russian and French Medicine in the Second Half of 19th Century

This article deals with different aspects of the link between charity’s development and development of Russian and French medicine in the second half of 19th century. The present study gives much attention to this topic while analyzing the history of pediatrics, dermatology, psychiatry, immunology, microbiology, struggle against infectious diseases. This article’s authors cite the examples demonstrating the construction of new hospitals and of new scientific institutes that took place in the second half of the 19th century. The present article characterizes the contribution to science made by I. P. Pavlov, S. N. Vinogradsky, N. F. Filatov, K. A. Rauсhfuss, V. F. Snegirev, A. M. Makeev and by group of other eminent scientists who witnessed the second half of the 19th century. Simultaneously the relationship between charity and emergence of new scientific directions in Russian medicine was explored. The present article denotes that this process took place while the specialization of medical knowledge was growing rapidly.