番茄产量和果实品质性状的遗传剖析

Sidratul Muntaha, Nur-Un- Nesa, G. H. M. Sagor
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摘要

对38个番茄基因型的产量、性状和果实品质性状的遗传变异进行了研究。所有记录的性状在基因型间均存在显著差异。所有性状的表型变异系数均大于基因变异系数,表明存在环境影响。大部分性状表现出中高遗传力。株高、种子/果数、顶叶叶绿素含量、红果重、果/株数、红果外果皮和内果皮可溶性固形物含量、红果汁可滴定酸度、番茄红素含量、β -胡萝卜素含量和单株产量遗传力高,遗传超前率高。单株产量与单株果数、花束数、红果周长、红果长、红果重呈极显著正相关。通径分析表明,红果内果皮可溶性固形物含量、单株果数、株高、束数、花束数、种子/果数、青果长、红果周长、红果长、红果重、番茄红素和β -胡萝卜素含量对单株产量有直接的正影响。主成分分析显示,前8个pc的特征值大于1,贡献了76.74%的总变异性。38个基因型分为7个集群,其中集群II包含最多的基因型。以产量和抗坏血酸含量为指标,选择Tm-131和WOP-10基因型;Puli-25, VI005584和Tm-2测定总可溶性固形物;在番茄红素和β -胡萝卜素含量方面,VI-063607和VI-0337183可被认为是优质基因型,可作为培育营养丰富的高产番茄品种的潜在遗传资源。
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Genetic Dissection for Yield and Fruit Quality Traits in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
The genetic variability for yield, its attributing, and fruit quality traits using 38 tomato genotypes was studied. High significant differences among the genotypes were found for all recorded traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was greater than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits indicating the presence of environmental influences. Most of the traits expressed moderate to high heritability. Plant height, number of seed/fruit, chlorophyll content in top leaf, red fruit weight, number of fruit/plant, soluble solid content in exocarp and endocarp of red fruit, titratable acidity of red fruit juice, lycopene content, beta-carotene and yield/plant had high heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of the mean. Yield/plant exhibited a significant positive correlation with number of fruit/plant, number of flower/bunch, red fruit girth, red fruit length and red fruit weight. Path analysis revealed soluble solid content in endocarp of red fruit, number of fruit/plant, plant height, number of bunch/plant, number of flower/bunch, number of seed/fruit, green fruit length, red fruit girth, red fruit length, red fruit weight, lycopene and beta-carotene content had direct positive effect on yield/plant. Principal component analysis depicted first eight PCs with Eigen-value higher than one contributing 76.74% of total variability. Thirty-eight genotypes grouped into seven clusters where cluster II contains maximum genotypes. Based on the mean performance, genotypes Tm-131 and WOP-10 for yield and ascorbic acid content; Puli-25, VI005584 and Tm-2 for total soluble solids; VI-063607 and VI-0337183 for lycopene and beta-carotene content may be considered as superior genotypes which can be used as potential genetic resources for the development of nutritionally rich high-yielding tomato variety.
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