饲料中添加霉菌毒素和霉菌毒素吸附剂对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生产性能、血液学参数和肝脏组织学的影响

IF 2.1 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Frontiers in animal science Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI:10.3389/fanim.2023.1281722
Darci Carlos Fornari, Silvio Peixoto, Steven P. Ksepka, Stephen A. Bullard, Waldemar Rossi, Dennis E. Nuzback, D. Allen Davis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

真菌毒素是真菌次生代谢物,可对食用受污染饲料的动物产生不利影响。本试验旨在研究在尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中添加脱氧腐血毒素+玉米赤霉烯酮(DON+ZEN = 1.6 + 0.3 ppm)、伏马菌素(FUM = 15 ppm)和3种吸附剂添加剂对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生产性能、血液学指标和肝脏组织学的影响。在含有35%蛋白质和8%脂质的无真菌毒素日粮(对照)中加入DON+ZEN或FUM,并用受污染的玉米粉代替部分未添加真菌毒素的玉米。随后,四种添加DON+ZEN和fu的日粮中有三种添加了吸附剂(0.5%)。研究在2500 L循环水系统中进行,控制温度为(25.9±1.1°C),每天进行两次投料,投料率为5%至8%。试验包括9个处理,5个重复,每个试验单元包括一个可用容量为75-L的水族箱和15尾幼罗非鱼(平均初始体重为4.0±0.1 g)。与对照组和含吸附剂的饲料相比,添加霉菌毒素的饲料对罗非鱼的最终生物量和存活率的影响显著降低(P≤0.05)。组织学检查显示,在没有添加吸附剂的情况下,添加了真菌毒素的饲料的鱼,肝脏炎症表现为胰腺组织附近的淋巴细胞浸润。霉菌毒素污染显著提高了肝体指数(HSI),通过添加吸附剂使HSI恢复到控制值或进一步降低。在添加霉菌毒素和添加吸附剂的饲料中,分别观察到最低和中等的红细胞压积值。我们的结果强调了使用吸附剂的重要性,以及研究水产养殖饲料中亚致死浓度真菌毒素影响的必要性。
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Effects of dietary mycotoxins and mycotoxin adsorbent additives on production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that can adversely affect animals consuming contaminated feeds. This 71-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of dietary deoxynivalenol plus zearalenone (DON+ZEN = 1.6 + 0.3 ppm), and fumonisins (FUM = 15 ppm), and three adsorbent additives on the production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology of juvenile Nile tilapia. A mycotoxin-free diet (Control) formulated to contain 35% protein and 8% lipid was spiked with either DON+ZEN or FUM using contaminated corn meals replacing portions of non-spiked corn. Subsequently, three out of four DON+ZEN- and FUM-spiked diets were supplemented (0.5%) with an adsorbent. The research was carried out in a recirculating water system (2,500 L) with a controlled temperature of (25.9 ± 1.1°C), feeding was carried out twice a day at rates ranging from 5 to 8%. The experiment included nine treatments with five replications, each experimental unit consisting of an aquarium with a useful volume of 75-L and fifteen juvenile Nile tilapia (average initial weight of 4.0 ± 0.1 g). Mycotoxin-spiked diets without added adsorbent supported lower final biomass and survival of Nile tilapia relative to control and adsorbent containing diets (P ≤ 0.05). Histological examinations revealed liver inflammation evidenced by lymphocytic infiltration adjacent to pancreatic tissue in fish fed mycotoxin-spiked diets without added adsorbent. Mycotoxin contamination significantly increased HSI (hepato somatic index), which was reverted to the Control value or reduced further by adsorbent addition. Lowest and intermediate hematocrit values were observed in groups fed mycotoxin-spiked diets without and with added adsorbents, respectively. Our results reinforce the importance of using adsorbents and the need to investigate the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of mycotoxins in aquaculture feeds.
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