“一个更有价值的签名”:性别,工厂劳动,以及芬达“粗花呢”时代的制造者签名放大器的神话,1948-60

IF 0.2 1区 艺术学 N/A MUSIC Journal of the Society for American Music Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI:10.1017/s1752196323000299
Erik Broess
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引用次数: 0

摘要

芬达所谓的Tweed时代(1948-60)的放大器是所有流行音乐中最有价值的乐器之一。在大多数Fender Tweed放大器内部,都有一块带有手工连接放大器电路的工人签名的遮蔽胶带。今天,收藏家们已经把芬达的几个以前不为人知的拉丁裔员工提升为传奇人物,拥有近乎邪教般的追随者。然而,由于缺乏关于这些女性的传记信息,关于她们的当代话语往往被高度浪漫化。在这篇文章中,我提出了关于芬达花呢时代员工的新颖历史信息,以反驳围绕他们和芬达世纪中叶在加州富勒顿的工厂系统的错误信息。在分析围绕芬达早期员工的当代话语时,我也批评了性别和种族化的刻板印象,即芬达的女性员工天生就有能力从事劳动密集型的组装工作,因为她们被认为是“灵巧的手指”。这篇文章还详细介绍了芬达的Tweed放大器被制成“复古”的社会过程,该公司本世纪中叶的大规模生产技术从此被归因于与复古弦乐器制作相关的同样的手工价值。最后,我展示了芬达粗花呢时代放大器中包含的制造者特征是如何成为收藏家之间价值的话语生产的核心。
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“A Much More Valuable Signature”: Gender, Factory Labor, and the Mythology of Builder-Signed Amplifiers from Fender's “Tweed” Era, 1948–60
Amplifiers from Fender's so-called Tweed era (1948–60) are among the most valuable instruments in all popular music. Inside most Fender Tweed amplifiers is a piece of masking tape bearing the signature of the worker who hand-wired the amplifier's circuit. Today, collectors have elevated several of Fender's previously unknown Latina employees into legendary figures with near cultlike followings. In the absence of biographical information about these women, however, the contemporary discourse about them is often highly romanticized. In this article, I present novel historical information about Fender's Tweed-era employees to counter the misinformation surrounding them and Fender's mid-century Fullerton, California factory system more broadly. Analyzing contemporary discourses surrounding Fender's earliest employees, I also critique the persistence of gendered and racialized stereotypes about Fender's female employees being naturally equipped for labor-intensive assembly work due to their supposedly “nimble fingers.” This article also details the social processes through which Fender's Tweed amplifiers have been made “vintage,” and the company's mid-century mass-production techniques have since been attributed the same artisanal values associated with vintage string instrument making. Ultimately, I show how the builder-signatures contained within Fender's Tweed-era amplifiers have been central to the discursive production of value among collectors.
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