Psychological impact of COVID-19 on frontline healthcare workers during the early months of the pandemic and responses to reduce the burden, helping to prepare for Disease X: A systematic review

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic placed enormous strain on healthcare workers (HCW) and systems. With currently over 766 million cases, a high risk of workplace-acquired infection and a constantly evolving disease trajectory, COVID-19 placed an incredible burden on frontline HCWs. Studies from previous pandemics highlight significant psychological distress in these workers, yet mental health remained a secondary consideration in many hospitals pandemic response. This review explores the psychological impact of COVID-19 on frontline HCWs during the early stages of the pandemic and describes responses implemented by health services to reduce this impact. Additionally, it aims to provide a framework for future evidence-based programs that support the wellbeing of frontline HCWs throughout the ongoing pandemic and into the future, helping to prepare for Disease X.